Общее описание
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a state in the Southern Hemisphere that occupies mainland Australia, the island of Tasmania and several other islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans; is the sixth largest state in the world. East Timor, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea are located to the north of the Commonwealth of Australia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands to the northeast, and New Zealand to the southeast. The shortest distance between the main island of Papua New Guinea and the mainland of the Commonwealth of Australia is only 145 km, while the distance from the Australian island of Boigu to Papua New Guinea is only 5 km. The population as of June 25, 2012 is 22,943,121, most of whom live in cities on the east coast.
Australia is one of the developed countries, being the thirteenth largest economy in the world, and has the sixth largest GDP per capita in the world. Australia's military spending is the twelfth largest in the world. With the second highest Human Development Index, Australia ranks high in many areas of life such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, civil liberties and political rights. Australia is a member of the G20, OECD, WTO, APEC, UN, Commonwealth, ANZUS and the Pacific Islands Forum.
Australia controls several external territories: the Cocos (Keeling) Islands with an area of 14 km², Christmas Island with an area of 135 km², the Ashmore and Cartier Islands with an area of 199 km², the Territory of the Coral Sea Islands with an area of 7 km² (a water area of about 780 thousand km²), the Heard Islands and Macdonald with an area of 372 km² (part of the Australian Antarctic Territory), Norfolk Island with an area of 35 km² and the Australian Antarctic Territory with an area of 5,896,000 km² (Australian sovereignty over this territory is not recognized by most countries of the world). The total area of all external territories is 5,896,762 km² (excluding the Antarctic Territory 762 km²).
The northern and eastern coasts of Australia are washed by the Pacific Ocean: the Arafura, Coral, Tasman, Timor Seas; western and southern - the Indian Ocean. Near Australia are the large islands of New Guinea and Tasmania. Along the northeast coast of Australia, the world's largest coral reef, the Great Barrier Reef, stretches for more than 2,000 kilometers.
Australia - stretches from west to east for almost 4000 kilometers, and from north to south - for about 3860 km[116]. The extreme points of the mainland are: in the north - Cape York (10 ° S. latitude), in the south - Cape South East Cape (43 ° S. latitude), in the west - Cape Steep Point (114 ° E. long. .), in the east - Cape Byron (154 ° E) [116].
The length of the coastline of Australia is 59,736 km (of which the mainland - 35,877 km, the island - 23,859 km)[117], and the area of the exclusive economic zone is 8,148,250 km²[118].
Australia is one of the developed countries, being the thirteenth largest economy in the world, and has the sixth largest GDP per capita in the world. Australia's military spending is the twelfth largest in the world. With the second highest Human Development Index, Australia ranks high in many areas of life such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, civil liberties and political rights. Australia is a member of the G20, OECD, WTO, APEC, UN, Commonwealth, ANZUS and the Pacific Islands Forum.
Australia controls several external territories: the Cocos (Keeling) Islands with an area of 14 km², Christmas Island with an area of 135 km², the Ashmore and Cartier Islands with an area of 199 km², the Territory of the Coral Sea Islands with an area of 7 km² (a water area of about 780 thousand km²), the Heard Islands and Macdonald with an area of 372 km² (part of the Australian Antarctic Territory), Norfolk Island with an area of 35 km² and the Australian Antarctic Territory with an area of 5,896,000 km² (Australian sovereignty over this territory is not recognized by most countries of the world). The total area of all external territories is 5,896,762 km² (excluding the Antarctic Territory 762 km²).
The northern and eastern coasts of Australia are washed by the Pacific Ocean: the Arafura, Coral, Tasman, Timor Seas; western and southern - the Indian Ocean. Near Australia are the large islands of New Guinea and Tasmania. Along the northeast coast of Australia, the world's largest coral reef, the Great Barrier Reef, stretches for more than 2,000 kilometers.
Australia - stretches from west to east for almost 4000 kilometers, and from north to south - for about 3860 km[116]. The extreme points of the mainland are: in the north - Cape York (10 ° S. latitude), in the south - Cape South East Cape (43 ° S. latitude), in the west - Cape Steep Point (114 ° E. long. .), in the east - Cape Byron (154 ° E) [116].
The length of the coastline of Australia is 59,736 km (of which the mainland - 35,877 km, the island - 23,859 km)[117], and the area of the exclusive economic zone is 8,148,250 km²[118].
Information about visa
A visa is required to visit Australia. The Australian Consulate is located in Moscow. Documents to open:
1. Confirmation of visa fee payment
2. Form 48R Application - Please answer all questions and sign the application
3. Written permission from you to share information with third parties or agents: Form 956 or Form 956A
4.1 color photograph on a white background, size 35mm X 45mm
5. Photocopy of the personal data page of a valid international passport
6. Proof of your previous international travel: copies of visas
7. Confirmation of the availability of financial resources, in the form of a bank statement. Cash and credit cards are not proof.
8. Confirmation of the source of your income:
- a certificate from the employer indicating the period of employment, position and salary, as well as the duration of paid leave.
- documents confirming the registration of your organization, its current activities and profits, if you have your own business.
- documents, proof of ownership
- A letter from the school or university stating your student status and the approved period of absence.
9. If you are visiting a relative or friend in Australia:
- A copy of an identity document: a photocopy of the passport, driver's license of the inviter
- A signed statement specifying the degree of support, if the inviter provides you with financial support for your trip and stay in Australia, and proof of the inviter's income (salary receipts, bank account statement)
10. For applicants under 18 years of age (including dependent applicants)
- a notarized copy of the birth certificate, and
- a notarized written authorization to travel to Australia from a parent not traveling with the child, as well as a passport personal data page or a copy of another document certifying
the identity of that parent.
11. If you are over 75 years old, you must provide health insurance for the entire period of your planned stay in Australia
Depending on personal circumstances, additional information may be requested, such as a resume (CV).
1. Confirmation of visa fee payment
2. Form 48R Application - Please answer all questions and sign the application
3. Written permission from you to share information with third parties or agents: Form 956 or Form 956A
4.1 color photograph on a white background, size 35mm X 45mm
5. Photocopy of the personal data page of a valid international passport
6. Proof of your previous international travel: copies of visas
7. Confirmation of the availability of financial resources, in the form of a bank statement. Cash and credit cards are not proof.
8. Confirmation of the source of your income:
- a certificate from the employer indicating the period of employment, position and salary, as well as the duration of paid leave.
- documents confirming the registration of your organization, its current activities and profits, if you have your own business.
- documents, proof of ownership
- A letter from the school or university stating your student status and the approved period of absence.
9. If you are visiting a relative or friend in Australia:
- A copy of an identity document: a photocopy of the passport, driver's license of the inviter
- A signed statement specifying the degree of support, if the inviter provides you with financial support for your trip and stay in Australia, and proof of the inviter's income (salary receipts, bank account statement)
10. For applicants under 18 years of age (including dependent applicants)
- a notarized copy of the birth certificate, and
- a notarized written authorization to travel to Australia from a parent not traveling with the child, as well as a passport personal data page or a copy of another document certifying
the identity of that parent.
11. If you are over 75 years old, you must provide health insurance for the entire period of your planned stay in Australia
Depending on personal circumstances, additional information may be requested, such as a resume (CV).
Сlimate
Australia's climate is heavily influenced by ocean currents, including the Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño, which create periodic droughts and seasonal tropical low pressures that lead to the formation of cyclones in northern Australia. These factors cause a marked change in rainfall from year to year. year. Much of the north of the country has a tropical climate with predominantly summer precipitation. Almost three quarters of Australia are deserts and semi-deserts. In the southwestern part of the country, the climate is Mediterranean. Much of the southeast of the country (including Tasmania) has a temperate climate.
Валюта
The Australian dollar (sign: $; code: AUD) is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including the Christmas Islands, Cocos and Norfolk Islands, as well as the independent Pacific states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu. It is divided into 100 cents. Usually abbreviated with a dollar sign ($), but there are other notations: A$, $A, AU$, and $AU.
The Australian dollar is the sixth most traded currency in the world (after the US dollar, euro, yen, pound sterling and Swiss franc), accounting for 5% of global foreign exchange transactions. Popularity among currency traders is due to the high interest rate in Australia, the relative freedom of the foreign exchange market from government intervention, the general stability of the Australian economy and political system. For the manufacture of banknotes since 1988, not paper has been used, but a special thin plastic.
The Australian dollar is the sixth most traded currency in the world (after the US dollar, euro, yen, pound sterling and Swiss franc), accounting for 5% of global foreign exchange transactions. Popularity among currency traders is due to the high interest rate in Australia, the relative freedom of the foreign exchange market from government intervention, the general stability of the Australian economy and political system. For the manufacture of banknotes since 1988, not paper has been used, but a special thin plastic.
