The Principality of Monaco, or Monaco, is a dwarf state associated with France, located in southern Europe on the shores of the Ligurian Sea; on land it borders France [4]. It is one of the smallest and most densely populated countries in the world. The principality is widely known thanks to the casino in Monte Carlo, Diaghilev's Russian Ballet and is held here at the stage of the Formula 1 championship - the Monaco Grand Prix. The country is a member of such international organizations as: the UN (since 1993), the OSCE, the Council of Europe (since 2004), Interpol, UNESCO, WHO. The head office of the International Hydrographic Organization is located in Monaco. Monaco has 12 diplomatic missions in Western Europe and permanent representatives to the UN and the Council of Europe. Honorary consulates of Monaco are located in 106 cities in 45 countries. 66 countries have consulates general, consulates or honorary consulates in Monaco.
Monaco is located in southern Europe on the Ligurian Sea near the French Cote d'Azur, 20 km northeast of Nice. On land, the principality borders France, the department of the Alpes-Maritimes. The area of the country is 2.02 km. The length of the coastline is 4.1 km, the length of the land borders is 4.4 km. Over the past 20 years, the country's territory has increased by almost 40 hectares due to the drainage of maritime areas.

Monaco's climate is subtropical, Mediterranean, with hot dry summers (average temperatures of 28-30 degrees) and mild rainy winters (average temperatures of 10-12 degrees). The vast majority of precipitation falls in autumn and winter. In general, the climate is similar to the southern coast of France.